In the wake of the 20th-century rise of purely physicalist explanations of human nature, the sway of materialist ontology is increasingly palpable in Christian theological discourse. To date, scholarly attention has concentrated on anthropological concerns, with occasional forays into the physicalist reinterpretation of core doctrines such as the Incarnation and Resurrection of Jesus. Notably, the existing literature, both pro and con, is dominated by philosophical voices. This volume brings together philosophers and theologians who collectively pose novel challenges to the growing trend of physicalism in Christian theology. The cumulative effect of these critiques is to demonstrate conclusively that Christian physicalism is beset by significant philosophical and theological difficulties. While all philosophical anthropologies face challenges, this volume makes a compelling case that Christian physicalism is unlikely to provide an adequate account of essential theological themes within Christian theism, prompting Christians to consider alternative anthropological frameworks.