Exploring the structural complexity of biological systems reveals that high-level function requires a precise arrangement of hierarchical components—a property termed functional coherence. Experiments assessing protein folding probabilities, such as randomized amino acid sequences in enzymes like beta-lactamase, reveal that functional protein shapes occupy an extraordinarily small fraction of possibilities (1 in 10^77). This astronomical level of improbability challenges the claim that undirected physical processes or incremental evolutionary steps can generate complex molecular machinery by chance.

Speaker: Douglas Axe

Original Video:    • Evolution and the Experts - Douglas Axe at...  

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